In recent years, a number of major oil and gas discoveries have been made in east and west Africa, which has become the focus of international investors. Especially after the Ukraine crisis, the European Union strengthened natural gas cooperation with African countries to replace natural gas imports from Russia, so the African natural gas exploration and development cooperation ushered in a period of opportunity. This will also play a huge role in promoting the industrialization of African countries. Sino-African energy cooperation enjoys a sound foundation. Although we still face various traditional and non-traditional risks and challenges, natural gas cooperation still has broad prospects.

CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS/CCS) is the most viable carbon reduction technology and the key technology for significantly enhancing the recovery rate of low-permeability reservoir. This paper summarizes the progress of CNPC’s CCUS mechanism research, supporting technology, equipment system, and field tests, analyzes the challenges faced by the whole industry chain of CO2 capture, transportation, oil displacement, and storage, and the development trend of the industry. It points out that the lowconcentration carbon source capture technology, regional cross-industry pipeline planning design, the great improvement of the recovery rate, and the safty of storage will be the main themes of future research. Predictions are made that CCS will enter the scale test stage and supporting policies will be issued. It proposes that CNPC is speeding up tackling key technologies, such as low-cost large-scale capture of low-concentration CO2, supercritical longdistance transportation, further improvement of recovery rate and storage rate, and safe large-scale storage. Lastly, based on the aspects of top-level design, industrial clusters, fiscal subsidies, project operation, and policies and regulations, it proposes specific suggestions for the sustainable development of China’s CCUS-EOR industry, providing necessary decision-making references for CCUS policy-making departments.

New and clean energy has been a focus to fight against climate change to achieve a clean and just energy transition. Sinopec as one of the largest integrated energy and chemical companies in China, has accelerated the development of new energy, especially the hydrogen energy, while maintaining the high-quality development of traditional fossil energy resources. In this regard, it has established a framework with hydrogen energy at its core while developing other new energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy. Hydrogen energy featuring wide availability, high combustion efficiency, convenient storage, and wide application, is a type of clean energy having the potential to replace the fossil energy for transportation, domestic and industrial applications.

In September 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping solemnly announced the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.Carbon neutrality and green transition requires not only political promotion and fiscal support, but also social capital investment in green industries. Green financing is also an effective way to promote the low-carbon development of China’s energy companies. In this paper, on the basis of defining green finance, we reviewed the policies of green finance in China, described various tools of green finance, summarized green finance business of energy companies, and made case studies. This research combined macro policy and market, and micro industry and enterprise. The following suggestions are proposed for the country’s energy companies to develop green finance: (1) Take advantages state-owned enterprises and participate in the policy design of green finance; (2) Actively use external low-cost funds to develop green and low-carbon businesses; (3) Internal financial units should also actively innovate green products; (4) Accelerate the building of a professional team for green finance.

Under the policy guidance of collectively building a “Green Belt and Road”, increasing investment in the new energy sector of “Maritime Silk Road” countries is not only an inevitable choice to solve the energy and climate dilemma, but also an opportunity to promote international connectivity and development of marine economy. Based on an investment environment evaluation model previously used in fossil energy sector, this paper applies it to the new energy sector by building suitable and relevant indicators reflecting “Belt and Road”coastal countries’ resource and market characteristics. Renewable energy resources potentials, policy trends and investment environment are evaluated for selected “Belt and Road” coastal countries and national attractiveness indicators are formed. The result provides planning support and decision-making basis for Chinese energy enterprises to invest in the new energy sector of “Maritime Silk Road”, which will further enhance China’s influence in the international cooperation of the Maritime Silk Road’s energy transition.

Energy security has always been an important topic in the field of energy economy research. Influenced by multiple factors, such as green and low-carbon energy transformation, unexpected geopolitical events, and international financial speculative behavior, the external environment of China energy security has changed and the uncertainty is getting worse. Under this background, the research paradigm of energy security presents new features, such as more diversity, complexity and systematic. This paper explains the theoretical logic of energy system toughness, builds a evaluation model of energy system toughness based on system dynamics theory, and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions to improve energy system toughness through multi-scenario simulation analysis of energy system toughness index.