China's national hydrocarbon resources assessment (2015), which is a classified assessment for oil, gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane, has been successfully carried out, and has achieved systematical results and generated the newest understandings regarding the potential of China's hydrocarbon resources. The results indicate that China has abundant hydrocarbon resources, including a considerable resource potential of shale gas and coalbed methane, but it also predicts that China will face increasing levels of difficulty in exploration and development.

Ultra-deep formations in China contain rich hydrocarbon resources. In recent years, the number of ultradeep wells has been continuously increasing. However, efforts to facilitate the drilling and exploration of these ultra-deep reservoirs are facing many challenges, such as complicated formation pressures, complicated formation lithologic features, complicated formation fluids, difficulties in the accurate calculation of formation parameters, difficulties in borehole structure design optimization, instabilities in the performances of drilling fluid and key cementing materials/systems, high temperature-resistance and pressure-resistance requirements for downhole tools and instruments, complicated engineering problems, and slow drilling speeds. Under such circumstances, it is very difficult to ensure the performance of such drilling operations. In order to address these challenges, SINOPEC has developed relevant drilling technologies for ultra-deep wells in complicated geological conditions through intensive research on accurate descriptions of complex geologic characteristics, borehole structure design optimization, fast drilling techniques for deep and hard formations, temperature-resistant highdensity drilling fluid, anti-channeling cementing in high-pressure gas wells, borehole trajectory control in ultra-deep horizontal wells and other key technologies. These technologies can provide sound engineering and technical support for the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources in ultra-deep formations in China.

It is estimated that in the coming years, the rate of consumption of oil products in China will increase at an energy-saving, environmentally-friendly, and slow pace. However, the increasing speed of the demand may vary according to the types of the products:gasoline and kerosene may be needed more while diesel may be needed less. It is also estimated that before 2020, there will be an oil products glut in the country. Export of oil products, especially diesel, will become a new norm or trend. Alternative energy forms, such as natural gas and electricity, will be developed rapidly to attain a goal of replacing 130 million tons of oil in 2030. Even with a more conservative scenario, oil demand in China is estimated to peak at either about 810 million tons or even less at 680 million tons by 2030 if the effect of alternative energy is considered.

Oil and gas transportation facilities are important for a country to secure an energy supply and maintain social stability and economic development. Social capitals in China are now encouraged by the government to invest in the construction of oil and gas infrastructures in the country. With China's growing economy and new reforms in the oil and gas sector, more opportunities are available for private companies seeking to get involved in energy infrastructure. It is estimated that the future market of energy infrastructure projects in China is valued at nearly RMB 2 trillion. This paper is trying to offer some clues regarding investment in energy infrastructure in China by giving a brief introduction to the current situation of CNPC's oil and gas infrastructure construction.

There are abundant proved oil reserves in Sudan and South Sudan, and Chinese companies are looking for petroleum business opportunities in Sudan and South Sudan. There is a bright future for cooperation in oil development in both Sudan and South Sudan. China, Sudan and South Sudan will continue to benefit from collaboration in petroleum industry.