“Peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality” are China’s solemn commitments in the process of global greenhouse gas emission reduction. By reviewing the background of “peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality”, this paper analyzes the impacts of the goal on China’s energy sector, which are mainly reflected in four aspects: (1) accelerating the adjustment of China’s energy structure; (2) pushing further improvement of the energy technology innovation system; (3) accelerating the institutional reform in the energy sector; (4) accelerating the high-quality development of China’s traditional energy sector. This paper then analyzes a series of actions of domestic central energy enterprises on “peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality”, which can be summarized into three aspects: First, Central enterprises have carried out comprehensive researches on “peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality” to drive the energy transition of the entire industry; Second, central enterprises have actively practised their main businesses and developed new businesses according to the principle of “adaptation to local conditions”; Third, central enterprises have been actively involved in work related to “green finance” to stimulate their innovation and vitality and help them achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

In 2020, China announced that it will strive to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. The time from carbon peak to carbon neutrality promised by China is far shorter than that of developed countries, which requires hard work. Under the trend of carbon neutrality, Chinese oil and gas enterprises need to accelerate the pace of adjusting to the change in energy consumption structure. It is urgent to formulate energy transformation strategy in line with the trend of “carbon neutrality”. In the future, China’s oil and gas enterprises should improve the low-carbon level in the production process, reduce their own production and operation carbon emissions, increase the supply proportion of natural gas and renewable energy, reduce the emission level of energy consumption side, develop the technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage, offset unavoidable greenhouse gas emissions, play an active role in international cooperation, and use reasonable green financial tools to promote the realization of China’s carbon neutrality goal.