The Belt and Road Initiative represents a road of innovation, and the modes of energy cooperation between China and Central Asia needs innovation. Based on the actual environment of energy cooperation between China and Central Asia, this article discusses the direction and path of the innovation of energy cooperation modes between China and Central Asia from the following aspects: the perfection of the current energy cooperation modes; the construction of energy cooperation parks between China and Central Asia; PPP cooperation modes of the energy projects between China and Central Asia; and the integrated innovation of energy cooperation modes between China and Central Asia. It lays the foundation for the detailed planning of the in-depth energy cooperation between China and Central Asia under the Belt and Road Initiative.

 

Encouraged by the great success of shale oil development in the US, China began its shale oil exploration and development activities in 2010. During the past decade, progresses had been made in many shale-oil-bearing basins, including Ordos, Junggar and Bohai Bay. This article reviewed in detail the current situations of shale oil exploration and development in these basins. Issues such as shale oil play geological conditions that quite different from that of the U.S., lack of specific technologies, impact of a low oil price, absence of sufficient fiscal support from the central government and room for further institutional improvement, were sorted out to be the major challenges in the path of shale oil exploration and development in the basins. To deal with the problems, the authors proposed a nationallevel research for cost-reduction and efficiency-increasing strategy and painted a preliminary roadmap of technology research for shale oil extraction. Four national-level pilot projects of shale oil development were also suggested in the paper.

 

In northwestern Ordos Basin, the Triassic reservoir Chang 9 has favorable reservoir forming conditions, extensive reservoir development, and huge potential for oil exploration and exploitation. Studying the main controlling factors and accumulation model of Chang 9 reservoir in this area can provide a basis for the production targets, and assist in formulating reasonable development technology policy. In this paper, to explore and summarize the hydrocarbon accumulation model, the Chang 9 reservoir were analyzed from the aspects of oil source, fracture, oil migration, structure, lithology and reservoir physical properties for the main controlling factors in this area. Organic geochemical and geological comprehensive analysis that the oil-source of the Chang 9 reservoir in the northwest of Ordos Basin is derived from Chang 7 hydrocarbon source rocks. The fractures provide a sound channel for the "vertical multi-point filling" of the oil source from Chang 7 to Chang 9. The crude oil migrates vertically from Chang 7 to Chang 9, then expands horizontally to form a reservoir. Structures play an important role in controlling the distribution of reservoirs, the control by sand in small layer and physical property is also obvious. This paper creatively establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Chang 9 in northwest of Ordos Basin, which is characterized by Vertical multi-point filling, horizontal expansion becomes oil pool. It reveals the genetic mechanism of the development of Chang 9 multi-reservoir in the study area, which provides guidance for exploration and evaluation deployment.

Since 2014, in order to cope with changes in the international oil market, the international oil giants have dynamically adjusted their upstream development strategies, including continuously promoting the "increase in reserves and production", steadily realising "cost reduction and efficiency increase", identifying future development areas, and focusing on overseas business areas. In this process, the international oil giants have implemented upstream strategic adjustment, achieving sound results. First, they have strengthened exploration to obtain oil and gas resources at a lower cost; second, they have implemented M＆A and divestiture to optimize their upstream asset portfolios; third, they have strengthened cooperation with resource countries to avoid risks; and fourth, they have attached importance to technology and management innovation in order to improve efficiency. For Chinese oil enterprises, the trends and paths of the upstream strategic adjustment of international oil giants can provide valuable references. Chinese oil enterprises should attach importance to the study of upstream strategies. They should research both the strategic and tactical levels to provide a guarantee for defining the upstream strategy most suitable for their own development. In addition, they should learn from the existing experience of the upstream strategic adjustment of international oil giants in order to support the continuous improvement of the quality and efficiency of their upstream development.