Underground Hydrogen Storage Technology: a Method for Large-scale Hydrogen Storage

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Abstract This paper discusses UHS characteristics, introduces the geological structures and industrial practices of UHS, and reviews UHS research current situation and main scientific problems. The main advantages of underground hydrogen storage are:1) large-scale storage, 2) long-term storage, 3) low-cost storage, and 4) higher safety. Salt caverns, depleted gas reservoirs and aquifers are three main types of geological structures suitable for UHS. There have been some operation cases of pure hydrogen storage in salt caverns, and only a few of mixed hydrogen storage has been stored in depleted gas reservoirs and aquifers. Underground hydrogen storage will be technically and economically feasible. Industrial-scale application of underground hydrogen storage technology involves geological, technical, economic, legal and social factors. The cost reduction of hydrogen production by electrolysis will be a decisive factor for implementation of the underground hydrogen storage on an industrial scale. Underground hydrogen storage began in the 1970s, but only in the 2010s did the EU and the US take it seriously, and many research and demonstration projects have been launched. In general, UHS technology is still in its infancy and not yet mature.

Published: 30 March 2023

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